Take Care LedgerA dated, sourced record of the second Trump administration

Domestic Troop Deployments

Updated2026-11-09 Covers2025-01-20 to 2026-11-02

Summary

From June 2025 to January 2026, Trump sent National Guard troops into American cities. In Los Angeles he also sent active-duty Marines.1,2 Some governors objected. In those states, Trump federalized their Guard, which means he put it under federal command. He used a federal law, 10 U.S.C. § 12406,35 that allows this only in three cases: an invasion, a rebellion, or when regular forces cannot carry out federal law.1 Judge Karin Immergut, a Trump appointee, found that “the President’s determination was simply untethered to the facts,” and blocked the Portland deployment.3 Judge Charles Breyer ruled that the Los Angeles mission broke the Posse Comitatus Act.4 That law bars the military from doing ordinary police work inside the United States.36 A court had blocked the Illinois deployment, and the Supreme Court refused to pause that order. After that, Trump pulled troops out of Chicago, Portland and Los Angeles.5,6 As of November 2026, deployments that governors agreed to are still going on. One is in Memphis. In July 2026, Guard soldiers there shot and killed Tyrin Johnson. In July 2026, the D.C. Guard mission grew to nearly 5,000 troops. It has been extended to Inauguration Day 2029.8,45

Background

The Posse Comitatus Act (18 U.S.C. § 1385) bars federal troops from doing police work inside the country. The only exceptions are ones that a law passed by Congress allows.1 One such law, 10 U.S.C. § 12406, lets the president take command of a state’s Guard. He may do so only for an invasion by a foreign nation, a rebellion, or when regular forces cannot carry out the laws.1 California’s lawsuit says that law was last used in the 1970 postal strike. It also says the June 2025 order was the first time since 1965 that a president called up a state’s Guard without the governor asking for it.1 The Insurrection Act37 is a separate exception. It is a law that lets the President use the military inside the United States in a rebellion or when laws cannot be enforced otherwise. The record shows it was discussed but not used.21

Washington, D.C. is run differently. The president commands the D.C. Guard under a city law (D.C. Code § 49-409).50 The Home Rule Act is the law that lets D.C. govern itself. It has an emergency section38 that lets the president direct the city’s police.9 In other states, when the governor agrees, the Guard can deploy under state command but be paid by the federal government. This is called Title 32 status,39 and it does not require using § 12406.10,11

What happened

Border emergency and executive orders

On Jan 20, 2025, Proclamation 10886 declared a national emergency at the southern border. A proclamation is a formal public announcement by the President. This one said the emergency “requires use of the Armed Forces.” It used 10 U.S.C. § 1230242 to call up the Ready Reserve and National Guard. Their job was to help the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) gain “complete operational control” of the border. It also used 10 U.S.C. § 280843 to move Pentagon emergency military-construction money to the border wall.31 A July 15, 2025 notice let DHS also use the reserve call-up power for the Coast Guard. The emergency was formally continued on Jan 12, 2026.31

On Mar 27, 2025, executive order (EO) 14252 created a D.C. Safe and Beautiful Task Force run by the White House. An executive order is a written order from the President to the agencies he runs. The Homeland Security Advisor chaired the task force. Its jobs included more federal law-enforcement presence, Park Police enforcement and clearing homeless camps on federal land.32 EO 14288 (Apr 28) told the Defense and Justice departments to give more surplus military and national-security equipment to local police. It gave the Defense Department 90 days to decide how “military and national security assets… and personnel” can be used “to prevent crime”.33

Los Angeles

On June 7, 2025, after protests against Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) operations, Trump federalized 2,000 California Guard troops. He later raised the number to 4,000, over Gov. Gavin Newsom’s objection.1 On June 9, 2025 he posted “Looking really bad in L.A. BRING IN THE TROOPS!!!” That same day, 700 active-duty Marines were ordered in.2 On Sept 2, 2025, Judge Charles Breyer ruled that the Los Angeles deployment broke the Posse Comitatus Act.4 On Dec 10, 2025 Breyer ordered the Los Angeles mission to end. He wrote, “It is profoundly un-American to suggest that people peacefully exercising their fundamental right to protest constitute a risk justifying the federalization of military forces.”24 On Oct 23, 2026, a Ninth Circuit appeals panel ruled 2–1 that the June 2025 Los Angeles federalization was likely unlawful. It agreed with Breyer and found Los Angeles was not in “rebellion.”27

Portland and Chicago

On Sept 8, 2025, Operation Midway Blitz began in Chicago. It was run from Naval Station Great Lakes, and Gov. JB Pritzker was not told in advance14 (see City Enforcement Operations and Fatal Shootings).

On Sept 27, 2025, Trump sent troops to “war ravaged” Portland to protect ICE buildings. He authorized “Full Force, if necessary.”55 On Sept 28 the administration federalized 200 Oregon Guard members over Gov. Tina Kotek’s objection.56 On Oct 2 the Department of Justice (DOJ) filed a “Suggestion of Recusal.” It asked Judge Simon to step aside from Oregon v. Trump because his spouse, Rep. Suzanne Bonamici, had publicly opposed the deployment. The record does not show how this was resolved.49 On Oct 4 Judge Karin Immergut, whom Trump appointed, blocked the deployment. She found the protests were not a “rebellion.”3 She found that “the President’s determination was simply untethered to the facts.” She also wrote, “this is a nation of Constitutional law, not martial law.”3 The administration then tried to send California and Texas Guard troops instead. A second order (Oct 5) barred any Guard deployment.57 A Ninth Circuit panel lifted the first order by a 2–1 vote on Oct 20.16 DOJ then corrected its count of Federal Protective Service officers sent to Portland from 115 to 86, and it expressed regret. “We deeply regret these errors,” DOJ said. On Oct 28 the full appeals court cancelled the panel’s ruling so it could hear the case again.17

In Chicago, Trump authorized federalizing 300 Illinois Guard troops plus Texas Guard on Oct 4–6, 2025.59 On Oct 9, Judge April Perry blocked the deployment.60 On Oct 16 the Seventh Circuit appeals court allowed federalization. But it kept the deployment blocked, writing, “Political opposition is not rebellion.”18 On Dec 23 the Supreme Court denied a stay in Trump v. Illinois.40 A stay is a court’s pause on a ruling while an appeal goes forward. By refusing one, the Supreme Court left in place the order barring federalization of the Illinois Guard.5,6 On Dec 31 Trump announced he was pulling troops out of Chicago, Portland and Los Angeles. He said troops could return “in a much different and stronger form.”6

Washington, D.C.

On Aug 5, 2025 Trump posted about an Aug 3 attempted carjacking. He said former DOGE (Department of Government Efficiency) staffer Edward Coristine, 19, had been “beaten mercilessly.” He said he would “FEDERALIZE this City.” Two 15-year-olds were arrested, and no one was taken to the hospital.12,54 On Aug 11 Trump used the Home Rule Act’s emergency section to take direction of the D.C. police. He also deployed 800 D.C. Guard troops. D.C. homicides had fallen 32% in 2024.9 On Aug 25 he signed EO 14339, which ordered a special D.C. National Guard unit “dedicated to ensuring public safety and order.” It also told the Defense Secretary to make sure each state’s Guard is trained and available for “quelling civil disturbances,” with units set aside for rapid use.34 Federal direction of the police ended Sept 10, and the Guard stayed through February 2026.13,7

On Nov 26, 2025, two West Virginia Guard members were shot near the White House.22 Spc. Sarah Beckstrom died, and Staff Sgt. Andrew Wolfe was critically wounded.22 The suspect was an Afghan evacuee who had been granted asylum in April 2025.22 Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth said 500 more Guard members were being sent to D.C. Trump paused broad categories of immigration23 (see Travel Bans, Refugees and Denaturalization).

In May 2026, a federal law-enforcement “summer surge” was announced. Under it, the D.C. Guard mission grew from 2,429 troops in January to nearly 5,000 troops in July. They came from more than 20 states, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.7,45 Six Democratic-led states sent troops, on orders limited to America 250 events. Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz pulled his state’s more than 100 troops out early after videos showed them on neighborhood patrols. Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer threatened to pull out Michigan’s 162 if they were used for law enforcement.45 On July 14 the Pentagon confirmed to NPR that the mission will run through Inauguration Day 2029 unless the president decides otherwise. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth called it “a righteous and beautiful mission.”45 State troops serve under Title 32, under state command but paid by the federal government. The U.S. Marshals Service deputized and armed them. They may detain people but may not arrest them.45 The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) puts the cost at about $600 per troop per day. The Project On Government Oversight (POGO) estimates $2.5–3.4 billion for the extension. About 4,700 troops remained on Aug 8.45

Guard support for ICE under Title 32

On July 25, 2025, the Pentagon authorized Guard troops in 20 Republican-led states to help ICE under Title 32, with a target of about 1,700 troops. Their work was “case management, transportation and logistical support, and clerical support”. They took over from Marines and Naval Reserve members who had done ICE logistics under federal command (Title 10).44 Vermont Gov. Phil Scott said no. Florida activated its first 25 troops on Aug 5.44,53 Analysts told the Christian Science Monitor they knew of no earlier use of Title 32 to help ICE away from the border.44 Some states later extended this help. Iowa’s Guard support for ICE was extended to Sept 30, 2026. The Iowa Guard said its members “will not engage in law enforcement.”61 On Oct 5, 2026, South Dakota Gov. Larry Rhoden extended the office work of seven Guard members for ICE through Sept 30, 2027, paid with federal money. His office says they have helped ICE process 1,013 deportations since July 2025.63

Memphis and New Orleans task forces

On Sept 15, 2025, Trump created the Memphis Safe Task Force, which included the Tennessee Guard.10 Republican Gov. Bill Lee backed it. Memphis Mayor Paul Young said he never asked for the Guard. Six days earlier, Memphis police had reported crime at a 25-year low.10 An MLK50/ProPublica analysis found more than 800 immigration arrests in four months.10 About 2% of those arrested also faced violent-crime charges. About four in five were arrested after traffic stops for minor violations.10 Federal authorities killed at least four people during task-force operations.10 The same model, based on the governor’s consent, was later used in New Orleans. There, about 120 of some 350 Guard troops were kept on through August 2026.10,11 WWNO reported on Aug 21, 2026 that the Louisiana Guard’s last day of operations in New Orleans would be Aug 24 and its last day in the city Aug 31.62

On July 5, 2026, two Tennessee Guard soldiers on Memphis task-force patrol shot and killed Tyrin Johnson, 20, after a foot chase. Police say he “turned toward” them with a gun.8 The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (TBI) is investigating.8 On Nov 2, 2026, the district attorney’s office released video of the moments after the shooting. The video does not show the shooting itself. An autopsy report shared by Johnson’s family found he was shot in the back. That conflicts with police and Guard accounts that he was facing the soldiers with a gun. District Attorney Steve Mulroy has not decided whether to file charges.64 By July 13, NPR counted five shootings by task-force members, four of them fatal. In October 2025, an attempted-robbery suspect was wounded. On May 1351 and July 8, 2026,52 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agents serving warrants killed men. Johnson was another. Jonah Neal, 25, was shot by a Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) agent on May 20 after his mother called 911 during a mental-health crisis. All five shootings were under TBI investigation.47,48 The TBI said it was “not immediately clear” whether Neal died from the gunfire or from self-inflicted stab wounds. The family’s lawyer said on Sept 2 that the death certificate lists homicide by gunshot wound.48

Insurrection Act statements

On Sept 30, 2025, Trump spoke to several hundred generals and admirals at Quantico. He said the cities should be “training grounds for our military” against “a war from within.”19,20 On Oct 6 he told reporters, “We have an Insurrection Act for a reason. If people were being killed and courts were holding us up, or governors or mayors were holding us up, sure.”21 On Fox News Sunday on Oct 19, he discussed the city deployments. He said, “I can use the Insurrection Act… that’s unquestioned power,” and “I choose not to.”46 On Jan 15, 2026, Trump said he might use the Insurrection Act over protests in Minneapolis. The protests followed an ICE officer’s killing of Renée Good.25 Up to 1,500 active-duty soldiers were put on standby Jan 18, then stood down around Feb 1.26

Key dates

Why it matters

10 U.S.C. § 12406. This law lets the President take command of a state’s Guard only for an invasion, a rebellion, or when regular forces cannot carry out federal law. The legal question has two parts. Did those conditions exist in Los Angeles, Portland and Chicago? And how much should courts defer to the President’s judgment?1 The record shows no other legal basis from the administration. It shows only its use of § 12406 and its stated goal of protecting ICE buildings.1,55 Immergut found Portland’s protests were not a “rebellion,” and her second order barred sending Guard from other states instead.3,57 The Seventh Circuit held, “Political opposition is not rebellion.”18 The Supreme Court denied a stay in Trump v. Illinois (Dec 23, 2025).5 On Oct 23, 2026 a Ninth Circuit panel held the Los Angeles federalization likely unlawful. In June 2025, the same panel had sided with Trump.27

Posse Comitatus Act (18 U.S.C. § 1385) and the Insurrection Act (10 U.S.C. §§ 251–255). Breyer ruled on Sept 2, 2025 that the Los Angeles deployment broke the Posse Comitatus Act.4 His Dec 10 order barred troops from arrests, searches, traffic and crowd control, and questioning people.24 That court order is on a separate appeal that has not been decided.27 The Insurrection Act would provide an exception to the Posse Comitatus ban. Trump called it “unquestioned power,” and troops were put on standby for Minnesota. But it was not used (see Insurrection Act statements above).21,46,26

D.C. Home Rule Act (D.C. Code § 1-207.40) and D.C. Code § 49-409. Trump used the Home Rule Act’s emergency section on Aug 11, 2025.9 Judge Jia Cobb ruled in 2025 that the D.C. Guard deployment was likely unlawful. The D.C. Circuit appeals court paused her ruling. An Army memo extending the mission cited “the conditions of the mission.”7 The extension to 2029 rests on two things. One is the President’s command of the D.C. Guard (§ 49-409). The other is Title 32 status for troops from the states. Elizabeth Goitein of the Brennan Center said, “an emergency is a sudden, unforeseen, and temporary state of affairs.”45 Spc. Sarah Beckstrom was killed while deployed in D.C.22

Title 32 consent-based deployments (32 U.S.C. § 502(f)). When a governor agrees to a deployment, § 12406 is not needed. In Tennessee, a state court blocked the Memphis deployment under state law on Nov 17, 2025, but an appeals court reversed that ruling on Apr 28, 2026. The appeals court ruled on standing, which is the right to bring a case.10,29 The ICE-support plan in 20 states also depends on governors who agree. Title 32 keeps troops under state command. That puts them outside the rules for federal forces that the Posse Comitatus Act governs. Joseph Nunn of the Brennan Center noted that such operations require “a cooperative governor.”44 Under this model, Guard soldiers killed Tyrin Johnson in Memphis. NPR counted four fatal task-force shootings there by July 2026.8,47 See also Conflicts Between the Executive and the Courts and Third-Term Statements and the No Kings Protests.

Military oversight (Inspector General Act of 1978).41 Inspectors general (IGs) are independent watchdogs inside agencies who investigate waste and wrongdoing. On the day of the Quantico speech, Hegseth signed a memo called “IG Oversight and Reform.” It requires IG offices to decide within seven days whether each complaint has “credible evidence.” If they do not decide, they must close the complaint. Whistleblower lawyers called it an “assault on oversight” of offices that the Inspector General Act makes independent, Reuters reported.28 See The Signal Chat and Pentagon Information Policy and Inspectors General and Watchdogs.

Outcome

Where things stand

As of November 2026, the deployments made over governors’ objections have ended. Courts have ruled against them. Deployments that a governor agreed to are continuing. So is the D.C. Guard mission under the President’s command.6,27,29,45 The Insurrection Act has not been used.21,26 The CBO put the cost at $496 million for June–December 2025.30 The New Orleans deployment was set to end in late August 2026.62 Some states have extended Guard help to ICE, South Dakota’s through Sept 30, 2027.63 In the Memphis killing of Tyrin Johnson, a family autopsy found he was shot in the back. The district attorney has not decided whether to file charges.64

Status

Item Status Latest development (date) What would change it
Los Angeles federalization Blocked (Breyer, Dec 10, 2025) Troops left Dec 15, 2025; the Ninth Circuit found federalization likely unlawful (Oct 23, 2026)1,27 Further review, if someone asks for it
Los Angeles Posse Comitatus order Pending (Ninth Circuit) Appeal of Breyer’s Sept 2, 2025 ruling not yet decided27 Ninth Circuit decision
Portland Blocked (Immergut’s Nov 7, 2025 order stopping it for good) Appeals dismissed, so the full Ninth Circuit did not rule (Feb 17, 2026)15,58 Nothing pending
Chicago Blocked (Perry, Oct 9, 2025) Supreme Court refused to pause the order barring the deployment (Dec 23, 2025)5 A final ruling on the merits
Memphis deployment In force A Nov 17, 2025 state-court block was reversed because the challengers lacked standing (Apr 28, 2026)29 Further state-court review
Memphis task-force shootings Pending (TBI) Investigations into all five shootings, including the killings of Tyrin Johnson and Jonah Neal, still open; video of the moments after Johnson’s shooting released, and a family autopsy found he was shot in the back (Nov 2, 2026)8,47,64 TBI findings; the district attorney’s decision on charges64
New Orleans Concluded Set to end, with the last day of operations Aug 24 and the last day in the city Aug 31, 2026 (WWNO, Aug 21, 2026)11,62 —
D.C. Guard mission In force Runs to Inauguration Day 2029 unless the president decides otherwise (Pentagon, July 14, 2026); 2,429 troops in January, nearly 5,000 in July, about 4,700 on Aug 8, 20267,45 A decision by the President
D.C. Guard litigation Pending (D.C. Circuit) Pause on Judge Jia Cobb’s ruling remains; no final ruling7 D.C. Circuit final ruling
ICE support (Title 32) Unresolved Guard in 20 states authorized from July 2025; Iowa extended to Sept 30, 2026, and South Dakota through Sept 30, 2027 (Oct 5, 2026); no overall end date confirmed44,61,63 Record of an end date
Southern border emergency In force Proclamation 10886 emergency continued (Jan 12, 2026); it is the basis for the § 12302 call-up and § 2808 construction powers31 End of the emergency
Insurrection Act Unresolved Discussed by Trump; not used21,26 Use of the Act

Who is affected

The deployments affect National Guard members. Some were federalized over their governors’ objections. Others were sent from their home states to other places. They also affect the governors of California, Oregon and Illinois, who opposed federalization of their states’ Guard.1,56,18,45 They affect people in Washington, D.C., whose police were under federal direction for a month.9,13 They affect people in Memphis, where the task force the Guard supports made immigration arrests and its members shot five people.10,47 Federal taxpayers pay for the missions.30,45

Key players

Chronology

Gaps: no decision on the Posse Comitatus appeal; the end date of the 20-state Title 32 ICE-support mission.

Sources

  1. PBS NewsHour: what US law says · CalMatters: Trump National Guard Los Angeles ruling · Timeline 2025-06-07 → ledger ↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  2. NPR: Trump mobilizes Marines for LA · Rolling Stone: Trump calls military to crush LA ICE protests · Timeline 2025-06-09 → ledger ↩↩↩

  3. OPB: judge blocks Portland Guard deployment · NBC News: judge temporarily blocks Guard in Portland · Timeline 2025-10-04 → ledger ↩↩↩↩↩↩

  4. NPR: California judge rules Trump’s Guard deployment to LA was illegal · Timeline 2025-09-02 → ledger ↩↩↩↩

  5. Brennan Center: shadow docket tracker · Timeline 2025-12-23 → ledger ↩↩↩↩↩

  6. CNN: Trump says he’s withdrawing National Guard from Chicago, Los Angeles and Portland · NPR: Supreme Court rules against Trump in National Guard case · Timeline 2025-12-31 → ledger ↩↩↩↩

  7. Fox News: National Guard troops will likely remain in DC through 2026 · Timeline 2026-01-16 → ledger ↩↩↩↩↩↩

  8. CBS News: 2 National Guard members on patrol in Memphis fatally shoot man · Timeline 2026-07-05 → ledger ↩↩↩↩↩↩

  9. Washington Post: Trump deploys National Guard in D.C. crime crackdown · CNN: Trump federalizes D.C. police under the Home Rule Act · Timeline 2025-08-11 → ledger ↩↩↩↩↩

  10. GovInfo: Presidential memorandum creating the Memphis Safe Task Force · ProPublica: Memphis Safe Task Force immigration arrests · Timeline 2025-09-15 → ledger ↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  11. Military.com: Louisiana National Guard staying in New Orleans six more months · Timeline 2026-03-02 → ledger ↩↩↩↩

  12. CBS News: ex-DOGE staffer injured in attempted carjacking leads Trump to float federal takeover · NBC News: Trump threatens federal control of D.C. after attack on staffer · Timeline 2025-08-05 → ledger ↩

  13. PBS NewsHour (AP): 4 takeaways from Trump’s federal law enforcement surge in D.C. as his emergency order expires · Timeline 2025-09-10 → ledger ↩↩↩

  14. DHS: ICE launches Operation Midway Blitz · NYT: Chicago immigration crackdown begins · Timeline 2025-09-08 → ledger ↩

  15. Oregon DOJ litigation tracker: Oregon v. Trump · KUOW: Oregon Guard troops remain under federal control after appeals court order · Timeline 2026-01-06 → ledger ↩↩

  16. NPR: Ninth Circuit panel decision · Timeline 2025-10-20 → ledger ↩

  17. Democracy Docket: Ninth Circuit restores block, en banc · Democracy Docket: DOJ corrects evidence · Timeline 2025-10-28 → ledger ↩

  18. Politico: Seventh Circuit ruling · Timeline 2025-10-16 → ledger ↩↩↩↩

  19. The Hill: Trump on military training cities · Timeline 2025-09-08 → ledger ↩

  20. ABC: Hegseth rails against ‘woke’ in speech to top generals · Washington Post: Hegseth orders rare urgent meeting of generals · Timeline 2025-09-30 → ledger ↩↩

  21. Military.com: Trump’s 2025 clash over troops in U.S. cities and the Insurrection Act · Timeline 2025-10-06 → ledger ↩↩↩↩↩↩

  22. CNN: Afghan national who previously worked with the CIA named as suspect in DC National Guard shooting · ABC: Guard shooting suspect pleads not guilty as prosecutors review death-penalty charges · Timeline 2025-11-26 → ledger ↩↩↩↩↩

  23. NPR: Trump administration pausing all asylum decisions after National Guard shooting · CNN: US will reexamine all green cards issued to people from 19 countries · Timeline 2025-11-26 → ledger ↩

  24. CNN: judge blocks LA National Guard deployment · CalMatters: Trump National Guard Los Angeles ruling · Timeline 2025-12-10 → ledger ↩↩↩↩

  25. NPR: Trump threatened to invoke the Insurrection Act (again). What is it? · Timeline 2026-01-15 → ledger ↩↩

  26. NPR: U.S. military troops on standby for possible deployment to Minnesota · ABC News: Military stands down troops ordered to prep to deploy to Minneapolis · Timeline 2026-01-15 → ledger ↩↩↩↩

  27. Office of Gov. Newsom: statement on the court’s decision · KRCR/Sinclair: California Guard ruling could shape future presidential deployments · Timeline 2026-10-23 → ledger ↩↩↩↩↩↩

  28. Reuters (via Q1019): ‘Assault on oversight’: Hegseth overhaul of military watchdogs spurs concern · Federal News Network: Hegseth’s push to tighten IG timelines is a way to ‘make complaints go away’ · Timeline 2025-09-30 → ledger ↩

  29. Bangor Daily News/AP: Tennessee judge blocks Guard in Memphis · Timeline 2025-09-15 → ledger ↩↩↩

  30. NPR: Trump’s National Guard deployments could cost over $1 billion this year, CBO projects · Military Times: Guard deployments to US cities cost $496 million in 2025, CBO says · Timeline 2025-06-07 → ledger ↩↩↩

  31. Federal Register: Proclamation 10886 · CRS Legal Sidebar LSB11278 · Federal Register: Jul 15 2025 notice extending §12302 to DHS · Timeline 2025-01-20 → ledger ↩↩↩

  32. Federal Register: EO 14252 · Timeline 2025-03-27 → ledger ↩

  33. Federal Register: EO 14288 · Timeline 2025-04-28 → ledger ↩

  34. Federal Register: EO 14339 · NPR: Trump signs executive orders focused on law and order in Washington, D.C. · Timeline 2025-08-25 → ledger ↩

  35. Cornell LII: 10 U.S.C. § 12406, National Guard in Federal service: call legal authority ↩

  36. Cornell LII: 18 U.S.C. § 1385, Posse Comitatus Act legal authority ↩

  37. Cornell LII: 10 U.S.C. ch. 13 (§§ 251–255), Insurrection legal authority ↩

  38. D.C. Code § 1-207.40 (Home Rule Act § 740), emergency control of police legal authority ↩

  39. Cornell LII: 32 U.S.C. § 502(f), National Guard duty in Title 32 status legal authority ↩

  40. Supreme Court docket: Trump v. Illinois, No. 25A443 (stay denied Dec 23, 2025) legal authority ↩

  41. Cornell LII: 5 U.S.C. § 403, Inspector General Act (codified at 5 U.S.C. ch. 4) legal authority ↩

  42. Cornell LII: 10 U.S.C. § 12302, Ready Reserve legal authority ↩

  43. Cornell LII: 10 U.S.C. § 2808, construction authority in a declared war or national emergency legal authority ↩

  44. CSM: National Guard takes new role aiding immigration operations in GOP states · Timeline 2025-07-25 → ledger ↩↩↩↩↩↩

  45. NPR: Minnesota is pulling troops early from D.C., as pressure grows on Michigan · NPR: Trump’s National Guard deployment in D.C. has been extended until 2029 · NPR: National Guard deployment in D.C. approaches one year · Timeline 2026-07-14 → ledger · → 2026-01-16 update ↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩↩

  46. Democracy Docket: After Massive No Kings Protests, Trump Insults Americans and Asserts ‘Unquestioned Power’ · Timeline 2025-10-19 → ledger ↩↩

  47. NPR: Memphis Safe Task Force shootings · Timeline 2025-10 → ledger ↩↩↩↩↩

  48. NPR: Memphis Safe Task Force shooting of Jonah Neal · FOX13 Memphis: Death certificate shows homicide by gunshot wound, attorney says · Timeline 2026-05-20 → ledger ↩↩↩

  49. Just Security: Litigation Tracker (Oregon v. Trump) · Oregon DOJ litigation tracker: Oregon v. Trump · Timeline 2025-10-02 → ledger ↩

  50. D.C. Code § 49-409, President to be Commander-in-Chief legal authority ↩

  51. NPR: Memphis Safe Task Force shootings · Timeline 2026-05-13 → ledger ↩

  52. NPR: Memphis Safe Task Force shootings · Timeline 2026-07-08 → ledger ↩

  53. CSM: National Guard takes new role aiding immigration operations in GOP states · Timeline 2025-08-05 → ledger ↩↩

  54. CBS News: ex-DOGE staffer injured in attempted carjacking leads Trump to float federal takeover · NBC News: Trump threatens federal control of D.C. after attack on staffer · Timeline 2025-08-03 → ledger ↩

  55. NBC News: judge temporarily blocks Guard in Portland · Oregon DOJ litigation tracker: Oregon v. Trump · Timeline 2025-09-27 → ledger ↩↩↩

  56. Oregon DOJ litigation tracker: Oregon v. Trump · OPB: judge blocks Portland Guard deployment · Timeline 2025-09-28 → ledger ↩↩↩↩

  57. Oregon DOJ litigation tracker: Oregon v. Trump · Just Security: Litigation Tracker (Oregon v. Trump) · Timeline 2025-10-05 → ledger ↩↩↩

  58. Oregon DOJ litigation tracker: Oregon v. Trump · Democracy Docket · KUOW · Just Security: Litigation Tracker (Oregon v. Trump) · Timeline 2026-02-17 → ledger ↩

  59. BBC: Trump authorises deployment of 300 National Guard troops to Chicago · Timeline 2025-10-04 → ledger ↩↩

  60. CBS Chicago: judge’s ruling on Guard lawsuit · Timeline 2025-10-09 → ledger ↩↩

  61. KCCI: Iowa National Guard’s assistance of ICE extended through September 2026 · Timeline 2025-11-14 → ledger ↩↩↩

  62. WWNO: Louisiana National Guard to leave New Orleans after 8 months · Timeline 2026-08-21 → ledger ↩↩↩↩

  63. KOTA: South Dakota extends National Guard deployment supporting ICE · Timeline 2026-10-05 → ledger ↩↩↩↩

  64. CBS News (AP): Bodycam video shows moments after man fatally shot by National Guard in Memphis · Timeline 2026-11-02 → ledger ↩↩↩↩↩